Untukmenggunakan kalimat present perfect tense harus menggunakan : MenggunakanTime signal KalimatInterogatif: Ha/ha + S + status + Verb1-ing + object + time signal Contoh: Have they studied together since 2010? Kata gave Perfect Continuous Present Tense digunakan untuk subject I, you, us, dan They. Sedangkan kata has dipakai untuk subject He, Lei, dan It.Time signal (keterangan waktu) dalam Presente Tensa continuous perfect, Presentperfect with free online exercises, Present perfect examples and sentences. Online exercises Present perfect, questions and Present perfect negative sentences. Online exercises English grammar and courses. Free tutorial Present perfect. English Present perfect exercises. TimeSignal Present Perfect Tense. Berikut ini adalah time signal ataupun keterangan waktu yang digunakan pada tenses ini, dari list dibawah ini yang paling sering digunakan ialah just, already, ever, recently, lately, dan yet. Selebihnya keterangan ada dibawah ini. already (sudah) just (baru saja) recently, lately (belum lama ini) ever (pernah) 1 Keterangan Waktu Present Perfect Tense: Just, Already, Yet, Before, Still, Since, For. Keterangan waktu yang pertama ini adalah kelompok kata yang menjadi ciri pola Present Perfect Tense, terutama kata just, already, yet. Yuk kita pahami bagaimana penggunaan setiap kata keterangan dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris. JUST. Presentperfect continuous tense adalah kalimat yang mempunyai fungsi untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa yang dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut sampai saat ini. Rumus perfect continuous tense dibentuk dengan has/have + been + Verb-1 + -ing. Contoh kalimat : You have been staying here. DiZ13. Introduction The present perfect progressive tense, also present perfect continuous, expresses an action that begins in the past and lasts until a present or almost present moment. The timing of this action is not specified, instead, the result or process of the action is emphasised. The present perfect progressive is conjugated with the present form of have, the past participle of be and the present participle or -ing form of the main verb. Learn how to use and conjugate the present perfect progressive tense in English grammar. In the exercises, you can practise what you have learnt. Example Aaron has been repairing cars since he was sixteen years old. He has always wanted to be a mechanic. He has been working in this garage for ten years. As Aaron has been changing tyres all morning, his clothes are dirty now. When to use the present perfect progressive The present perfect progressive is similar to the present perfect, but we use it to express a continuing or unfinished action, or emphasise an action rather than a result. Here are the three main uses of the present perfect continuous to express an action in the recent past with emphasis on the action itself and not the result Example Aaron has been changing tyres all morning. to express a single continuing action that started in the past and is incomplete at the present moment Example He has been working in this garage for ten years. He still works in the garage, therefore the action is incomplete. to express repeated actions that started in the past and continue now. Example Aaron has been repairing cars since he was sixteen years old. Take a closer look at the difference between the present perfect and the present perfect progressive in English grammar in the tense comparison section of the website. Signal Words English Present Perfect Progressive Signal words can help us to recognise the tense in a sentence. The signal words for the present perfect progressive are all day, the whole week for 4 years, since 1993, how long? lately Conjugation of English Present Perfect Progressive Tense To conjugate the present perfect progressive we follow the rule have/has + been + verb in the -ing form. The table below provides an overview of conjugations of the present perfect progressive in positive, negative and interrogative sentences. Present Participle – Spelling Rules The present participle is generally formed by adding -ing to the base form of a verb. However, there are a few exceptions to this rule An -e at the end of the word is removed, but -ee, -oe and -ye remain unchanged. Example come – coming but agree - agreeing The final consonant is doubled in words that have a short stressed vowel before the final consonant. However, -w, -x and -y are not doubled. Example sit – sitting but mix – mixing An -l as a final consonant after a vowel is always doubled in British English but not in American English. Example travel – travelling British traveling American An -ie at the end of the word is replaced with a -y Example lie – lying Contractions Contractions are a combination of certain pronouns, verbs and the word not. They are mostly used in spoken and informal written English. The table below provides an overview of contractions in the present perfect progressive tense using the verb have. To Note The contracted form of have is generally only used after pronouns. Example They’ve been repairing cars in the morning. but not The men’ve been repairing cars in the morning. But the contraction of has is possible after nouns as well as pronouns unless the noun already ends with -s. Example He’s/Aaron’s not been repairing cars in the morning. Online exercises to improve your English Improve your English with Lingolia. Each grammar topic comes with one free exercise where you can review the basics, as well as many more Lingolia Plus exercises where you can practise according to your level. Check your understanding by hovering over the info bubbles for simple explanations and handy tips. Present Perfect Progressive – Free Exercise Present Perfect Progressive – mixed exercise Lingolia Plus English Unlock all grammar exercises for English with a Lingolia Plus account 983 interactive grammar exercises for English sorted by topic and level A1–C1 with a built-in progress tracker and awards system Get started with Lingolia Plus Present Perfect Progressive – Lingolia Plus Exercises Present Perfect Progressive – have or has A2 Present Perfect Progressive – spelling test B1 Present Perfect Progressive – affirmative 1 B1 Present Perfect Progressive – affirmative 2 B1 Present Perfect Progressive – negative 1 B1 Present Perfect Progressive – negative 2 B1 Present Perfect Progressive – questions 1 B1 Present Perfect Progressive – questions 2 B1 Present Perfect Progressive – questions 3 B1 Present Perfect Progressive – short answers B1 Present Perfect Progressive – mixed 2 B1 Present Perfect Progressive – for/since B1 Present Perfect Progressive – How long? B2 Present Perfect Progressive – recently completed actions B2 Present Perfect Progressive – single continuing action 1 B2 Present Perfect Progressive – single continuing action 2 B2 Present Perfect Progressive – repeated actions B2 A1Beginner A2Elementary B1Intermediate B2Upper intermediate C1Advanced Just here for the exercises? Click here. Overview of all English tenses English has a grand total of 12 different verb tenses. Check out the table below for a full summary of all the different tenses complete with examples and signal words. Online exercises to improve your English Improve your English with Lingolia. Each grammar topic comes with one free exercise where you can review the basics, as well as many more Lingolia Plus exercises where you can practise according to your level. Check your understanding by hovering over the info bubbles for simple explanations and handy tips. Tense Overview – Free Exercise Tense Overview – free exercise Lingolia Plus English Unlock all grammar exercises for English with a Lingolia Plus account 983 interactive grammar exercises for English sorted by topic and level A1–C1 with a built-in progress tracker and awards system Get started with Lingolia Plus Tense Overview – Lingolia Plus Exercises Tense Overview – The London Dungeon B2 Tense Overview – Bewley’s Oriental Cafes B2 A1Beginner A2Elementary B1Intermediate B2Upper intermediate C1Advanced CHAPTER II THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE The Definition of the Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect can be divided into two words, they are present and perfect. So, the writer would like to explain the meaning word by word. The Present is the time which shows an action or state in the present. Perfect is a tense formed with have and past participle. The Present Perfect Tense is the time which shows an action that is formed with have and a past participle. Wittenberg seventh edition 64 notes that The Present Perfect Tense shows that the action or state occuring in the past or was recently completed and continuous in the present. It consists of the helping verb has or have plus a past participle. The house has been vacant for a month or more. Both organizations have received several federal grants. According to Patricia K. Werner and Lou Spaventa 200779 the present perfect tense can also describe actions or situations that developed in the past and that have continued up to the moment of speaking. Akh. Kardimin, M. Hum 2007 313 explains that Present Perfect Tense is an action or state occurring today and have completed in the same day. Universitas Sumatera Utara Formula = Suject + HaveHas + Verb III + Object Where, Have is used for I, we, they, you Has is used for he, she, it Examples  I have studied.  We have sung together.  She has seen this movie three times. The Usage of Present Perfect Tense There are some usages of the Present Perfect Tense. These are complete list of Present Perfect Forms Unspecified Time Before Now We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You cannot use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was child, when I lived in China, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We can use the Present Perfect Tense with unspecific expression such as ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc. Universitas Sumatera Utara Examples  I have seen that movie twenty times.  Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.  Have you read the book yet?  There have been many earthquakes in Indonesia.  A Has there ever been a war in the United States? B Yes, there has been a war in the United States. The concept of “unspecified time” can be very confusing for us, English learners. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following explanation a Experience You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, “I have the experience of…” You can also use it to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is not used to describe a specific event. Examples  I have been to France. This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once or several times.  I have been to France three times. You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.  I have never been to France. This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France. Universitas Sumatera Utara b Change over time We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time. Examples  You have grown since the last time I saw you.  The government has become more interested in arts education.  My English has really improved since I moved to Australia. c Accomplishments We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishment of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time. Examples  Man has walked on the moon.  Our son has learnt how to read.  Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.  Scientists have split the atom d An uncompleted action you are expecting We often use the Present Perfect to say an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen. Examples  James has not finished his homework yet. Universitas Sumatera Utara  Bill has still not arrived.  The rain hasn’t stopped.  Susan hasn’t mastered English, but she can communicate. e Multiple actions at different times We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. The Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible. Examples  I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.  We have had many major problems while working on this project.  The army has attacked that city five times.  She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick. Duration From the Past Until Now Non-Continuous Verbs With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect Tense to show that something is started in the past and has Universitas Sumatera Utara been continued up until now. All durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Tense are “for five minutes”, “for two weeks”, and “since Tuesday”, etc. Examples  She has walked for two hours.  They have stayed in the same house for a week.  Ririn has had a cold for two weeks.  Reni has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.  The woman has taught in the school for twenty years. The Way of Forming Present Perfect Tense Verbal Sentences Verbal sentence is a sentence which is used for explaining an action of being occurred. The action which is happen is most important than its timeline. 1. Positive Sentence In this sentence, the verb is using V-III past partciple and helping verb HasHave. Structure S + HaveHas + V-III + O Examples  I have written a letter to you.  She has seen that film twice.  Rusdi has moved into a new house.  We have read the “Twilight” novel.  The family has eaten lunch. Universitas Sumatera Utara 2. Negative Sentence Structure S + HaveHas + Not + V-III + O Examples  Rinal has not eaten.  They have not done their homework.  Dian has not lived in the same house.  I have not mastered English, but I can communicate.  The rain has not stopped. 3. Interrogative Sentence Structure HaveHas + S + V-III + O Examples  Have we ever gone to Jakarta?  Has she worked hard?  Have you finished your work?  Has Rusdy got my picture?  Have you read the news? 4. Negative Question Structure HaveHas + Not + S + V-III + O Examples  Haven’t the teachers gone to Bali? Universitas Sumatera Utara  Haven’t you taken a pray?  Hasn’t the team given all the best?  Haven’t the students received their reports? 5. Interrogative sentence which is used for asking news. Asking news in positive types Structure WhoWhatWhenWhereHowWhy + HaveHas + S + V-III + O Examples  Where have you put your pen?  How long has she worked hard?  Why has he studied hard?  Who has spoken English well?  What have they eaten?  How much money have you spent? Asking news in negative types Structure WhoWhatWhenWhereHowWhy+ HaveHas +Not +S+V-III+O Examples  When haven’t they spoken Arabic?  What hasn’t he done?  How long hasn’t she studied hard?  Who hasn’t read the novel?  Why haven’t they worked in the office?  Why haven’t you brought a map? Universitas Sumatera Utara 6. Interrogative sentence which the subject is unknown The interrogative sentence which has unknown subject is intended to use WHO for asking person and use WHAT except person. Then, we use Has in positive sentence and Hasn’t in negative sentence although the answer is in plural type. Positive Structure WhoWhat + Has + V-III + O Examples  Who has worked hard?  What has eaten rice? Negative Structure WhoWhat + Has + Not + V-III + O Examples  Who hasn’t played Pingpong well?  What hasn’t worked hard? Nominal Sentences Nominal sentence is used to explain a condition which has happened in the past. 1. Positive Sentence Structure S + HasHave + Been + Non Verb Examples  I have been here for three years. Universitas Sumatera Utara  He has been present on time.  They have been happy. 2. Negative Sentence Structure S + Has Have + Not + Been + Non Verb Example  You have not been there.  She has not been sick.  The woman has not been lazy. 3. Interrogative Sentence Structure Has Have + S + Been + Non Verb Examples  Have they been a pilot last year?  Has Renny been happy with her darling?  Have we been successful people? 4. Negative Question Structure HasHave + Not + S + Been + Non Verb Examples  Hasn’t she been a nurse?  Haven’t you been sick last week? Universitas Sumatera Utara 5. Asking subject which is unknown Structure WhoWhat + Has + Been + Non Verb Example  Who hasn’t been in the class?  What has been at the garden?  Who has been here last night? 6. Interrogative sentence which used for asking news Positive question Structure WhoWhatWhenWhereWhyHow+ HaveHas + S + Been+ Non Verb Examples  Who has she been at present time?  What has it been at the garden?  When have they been with their parents?  Where has she been scholarship?  Why have they been here?  How have you been sick? Negative question Structure Who What When Where Why How + Have Has + Not + S + Been + Non Verb Universitas Sumatera Utara Examples  Who hasn’t she been at present time?  What hasn’t it been at garden?  When haven’t they been with their parents?  Where hasn’t she been persent?  Why haven’t we been here?  How haven’t you been sick? Time Signal The time signals involve the past time and the day now on which can be used in Present Perfect Tense. When we use the Present perfect, it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time when the action happened is not important. Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with expressions such as in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc. Examples  Have you been to Mexico in the last year? Universitas Sumatera Utara  I have seen that movie six times in the last month.  They have had three tests in the last week.  She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far.  My car has broken down four times this week. Notice “Last year” and “in the last year” are very different in meaning. “Last year” means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires Simple Past. “In the last year” means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect. Examples  I went to Mexico last year. I went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one.  I have been to Mexico in the last year. I have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 365 days ago and now. The adverbs already, not ever, just, never, recently, still, and not yet, since are frequently used with the perfect those adverb of time can be used by Present Perfect Tense with some rules, they are 1. Just Just refers to the very recent past. Just comes before the past participle. Universitas Sumatera Utara Example  Anne has just gone out.  I’ve just visited that museum. 2. Recently It is usually come before the past participle or at the end of the sentence. It can be used in all types of sentences. Examples  Recently, they have been on vacation.  They have recently been on vacation.  They have been on vacation recently. 3. Already It can be placed in front or end of past participle V-III and usually used in affirmative sentence positive and question sentence positive, and not with both of negative sentences. Examples  Have you already eaten?  Have you eaten already? To explain which time is faster than it is being expected. Examples  The class always begins at It is only but the lesson has already begun.  The plane has already left the airport. 4. Yet Universitas Sumatera Utara To explain which time is slower than what it is being expected. It is always placed in the end of sentences. It is used in negative and interrogative sentence. Examples  The class begins at It is but the teacher hasn’t come yet.  Has he ported the letter yet?  She hasn’t come yet. 5. For For explains the duration of an occuring action. Examples  They have lived in London for ten years.  My mother has been sick for three days. 6. Since It shows when an action is started. Examples  We have lived in this house since 1990.  I haven’t seen him since last February. 7. Ever Ever must come before the past participle and be used in interrogative sentence. Example  Have you ever read that book? Universitas Sumatera Utara Other examples by focusing on the conversation to state that form, the Present Perfect Tense more clearly 1. A Are you going to finish your work before you go to bed? B I have already finished it. I finished my work two hours ago. 2. A Is Jim going to eat lunch with us today? B No, He has already eaten. He ate lunch an hour ago. 3. A Do you and Erica want to go to the movie at the Bijou with us tonight? B No thanks. We have seen it. We saw it last week. 4. A When are you going to write your paper for Dr. Roth? B I have already written it. I wrote it two days ago. 5. A When is Jane going to call her parents and tell them about her engagement? B She has called them. She called them last night. 6. A This is a good book. Would you like to read it when I’m finished? B Thanks, but I have already read it. Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER III THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE The perfect aspect most often describes events or states taking place during a preceding period time. The progressive aspect describes an event or state of affairs in progress or continuing. Perfect and progressive aspect can be combined with either present or past tense.  Perfect aspect, present tense We have written to Mr. Steven, but he has ignored our letters.  Progressive aspect, present tense Jack is growing his beard out. The Definition of the Present Perfect Progressive The progressive or continuous form of present perfect tense is a construction made up of havehas + been + the-ing present participle form of the main verb. It emphasizes or exaggerates the progressive nature of the action of the verb or the duration of the action throughout the period time. Examples  Ever since I read the book, I have been waiting to meet the author.  She has been living in the same house since she was born.  The speaker has been talking for over two hours. Universitas Sumatera Utara What are Time Expressions for the Present Perfect & Past Simple? Time expressions are signal words give you a clue for the tense that you need to use. For example, if a sentence starts with the words, “Two days ago,…”, we know that the time is past and the action is finished. For this reason, the signal word ago’ is a clue that you will need to use the Past Simple Tense. Keywords such as the examples below can help you complete exercises & tests easily. It’s a cheat sheet for the tenses! Time Expressions in English PRESENT PERFECT PAST SIMPLE ever ago yet in 2018 already in December so far at Easter until now last week just now last time right now first time recently after lately yesterday since before for when I was 19… over the last weeks these few months right now How long Have you ever… Click here for EXERCISE practice of time words with the present perfect and past simple tenses. Be careful with some signal words! There are some signal words such as ever that can only be used with a perfect tense. But note that other signal words can be used with many tenses. For example, although we learn the prepositions of time for and since with the Present Perfect Tense, for can also be used with the Past Simple, Present Continuous, Present Simple and many other tenses. Examples I’ve lived in Mexico for 3 years. I’m still in Mexico. I lived in Mexico for 3 years. I don’t live in Mexico anymore I work for 3 hours every days. My daily routine I’m staying here for 3 months. I’m here at the moment but will leave in the future As you can see from the example sentences above, for can be used in many different ways. So pay close attention to the other information in a sentence time and if it is completed or ongoing especially if you are preparing for a test or a quiz! Past Simple, Past Continuous or Past Perfect Exercise English Test Verb Tenses Present Perfect or Past Simple Exercise B1

present perfect tense time signal